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Also called
- Diabetes Mellitus type II
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Type II Diabetes
- Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- Adult-onset Diabetes
Likely risk factors
- Prediabetes
- Obesity
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Modifiable lifestyle factors
Poor diet, increased processed meat consumption, sweetened beverage consumption, high dietary glycemic index, low cereal fiber intake,lack of exercise, sedentary behaviors,smoking
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis unclear, but multiple genetic lifestyle, environmental, metabolic and other risk factors suggest multifactorial process
Symptoms
- Often asymptomatic and detected by screening
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Symptoms and presentation of significant hyperglycemia may include:
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Blurred vision
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Symptoms associated with chronic hyperglycemia may include
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Frequent infections
- Visual impairment
- Sexual dysfunction
- Bowel or bladder dysfunction
- Kidney dysfunction
- Cardiovascular dysfunction
Family history
Ask about family history of Diabetes
- Assess height, weight, and body mass index
- Overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) common in adults with type 2 Diabetes
- Hypertension common
Diagnose Diabetes with blood tests confirming
Metabolic treatment targets should be individualized, generally recommended targets in adults with Diabetes include:
Lifestyle interventions include
- Dietary management, including individualized medical nutrition therapy
- Physical activity for ≥ 150 minutes/week
- Diabetes self-management education
